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1. #Curl_easy_perform fails borland c++ builder software
2. #Curl_easy_perform fails borland c++ builder code
3. #Curl_easy_perform fails borland c++ builder windows

For many Unicode characters there’s an immediate, direct correspondence between their code point “abstract” representation (such as U+5B66) and their associated UTF-16 encoding in hex (for example, the 0x5B66 16-bit word). The ideograph 学 (U+5B66) is encoded in UTF-16 as the single 16-bit code unit 0x5B66.

The capital letter C (U+0043) is encoded in UTF-16 as a single 16-bit code unit 0x0043. These supplementary characters outside the BMP are encoded in UTF-16 using two 16-bit code units, also known as surrogate pairs. Supplementary characters are located in planes other than the BMP they include pictographic symbols like Emoji and historic scripts like Egyptian hieroglyphs. Characters for almost all modern languages and many symbols are located in the BMP, and all these BMP characters are represented in UTF-16 using a single 16-bit code unit. The first plane is identified as plane 0 or Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP). Unicode defines a concept of plane as a continuous group of 65,536 (2 16) code points. However, having code units larger than a single byte implies endianness complications: in fact, there are both big-endian UTF-16 and little-endian UTF-16 (while there’s just one endian-neutral UTF-8 encoding). In fact, Unicode code points are encoded in UTF-16 using just one or two 16-bit code units. However, while UTF-8 encodes each valid Unicode code point using one to four 8-bit byte units, UTF-16 is, in a way, simpler. Just like UTF-8, UTF-16 can encode all possible Unicode code points. For example, Qt, Java and the International Components for Unicode (ICU) library, just to name a few, use UTF-16 encoding to store Unicode strings.

#Curl_easy_perform fails borland c++ builder software

UTF-16 is the “native” Unicode encoding in many other software systems, as well.

#Curl_easy_perform fails borland c++ builder windows

UTF-16 is basically the de facto standard encoding used by Windows Unicode-enabled APIs. According to recent W3Techs statistics available at bit.ly/1UT5EBC, UTF-8 is used by 87 percent of all the Web sites it analyzed. UTF-8 is the most-used Unicode encoding on the Internet. In contrast, the Japanese ideograph 学 (code point U+5B66) is encoded in UTF-8 as the three-byte sequence 0圎5 0xAD 0xA6.

This is an important feature when exchanging text across different computing systems that can have different hardware architectures with different endianness.Ĭonsidering the two Unicode characters I mentioned before, the capital letter C (code point U+0043) is encoded in UTF-8 using the single byte 0x43 (43 hexadecimal), which is exactly the ASCII code associated with the character C (as per the UTF-8 backward compatibility with ASCII). The UTF-8 encoding (unlike UTF-16) is endian-neutral by design. Second, because Unicode text encoded in UTF-8 is just a sequence of 8-bit byte units, there’s no endianness complication. In other words, valid ASCII text is automatically valid UTF-8-encoded text. First, it’s backward-­compatible with ASCII this means that each valid ASCII character code has the same byte value when encoded using UTF-8. It was designed with two important characteristics in mind. UTF-8, as its name suggests, uses 8-bit code units. Therefore, conversions between these two encodings are lossless: No Unicode character will be lost during the process. The Unicode standard defines several encodings, but the most important ones are UTF-8 and UTF-16, both of which are variable-length encodings capable of encoding all possible Unicode “characters” or, better, code points. Basically, a Unicode encoding is a particular, well-defined way of representing Unicode code point values in bits. For a programmer, the question is: How are these Unicode code points represented concretely using computer bits? The answer to this question leads directly to the concept of Unicode encoding. From Abstract Code Points to Actual Bits: UTF-8 and UTF-16 EncodingsĪ code point is an abstract concept, though. Currently, the Unicode standard defines more than 1,114,000 code points. So, for example, the Japanese kanji ideograph 学, which has “learning” and “knowledge” among its meanings, is associated to the code point U+5B66. Note that Unicode is an industry standard that covers most of the world’s writing systems, including ideographs. For example, the code point associated to the character “C” is U+0043. According to the official Unicode consortium’s Web site ( bit.ly/1Rtdulx), “Unicode provides a unique number for every character, no matter what the platform, no matter what the program, no matter what the language.” Each of these unique numbers is called a code point, and is typically represented using the “U+” prefix, followed by the unique number written in hexadecimal form. Unicode is the de facto standard for representing international text in modern software. Volume 31 Number 9 Unicode Encoding Conversions with STL Strings and Win32 APIs